Sentence Fragments

Sentence Fragments

Finding and fixing fragments is one of the hardest things for some students to do. Often, that’s because they cling to what they have been taught in school:

  • Most teachers and textbooks define sentence fragment as “an incomplete thought.” However, all thoughts are incomplete.  For example:

He is there. 

Who is he? Where is he?
Yet He is there is a sentence.

Many other teachers say a sentence has “a subject and a verb.”  However:

If she can go. 

This has a subject (she) and a verb (can go), but it’s a fragment.

Babies and Language

Babies have a sense of what a sentence sounds like even before they can say their first word. Scientists are unsure how children learn syntax – the order of language – so young.  They learn diction (words) from imitation but not syntax. It is sort of like a song: they learn the melody before they learn the lyrics.

  • Some scientists say that children are born with the knowledge of syntax. They contend that knowing syntax is part of being human.
  • Other scientists say that children learn syntax in the womb, from hearing the rhythm of the mother’s speech.
  • Still other scientists say that children learn syntax in the first few weeks or months.

Whatever the case, children naturally know the order of language. But then, in school, they are taught to think about the order of language, and they start doubting themselves.

So What Is a Sentence?

When you check for fragments, try not to think.  Go by sound. If a group of words sounds like a sentence, then it’s usually a sentence. If it sounds funny, meaning awkward, then it’s probably a sentence fragment.

Sentence Busters

If a group of words begins with one of the following words, then it’s usually a fragment.  That’s why these are called “sentence busters”: they usually turn sentences into fragments.

  • After
  • Although/Though
  • Because/Since
  • Before
  • If
  • In order to
  • So that
  • Unless
  • Until
  • When/Whenever
  • Where/Whereas
  • While

Fragments Task 1 – Tandem

Sit in a way that your partner cannot see you, such as back to back. Person A will read List A.  Person B will write down whether it is a sentence (S) or a fragment (F).

List A

  1. If Fred can go.
  2. I will ask my mother.
  3. Turnips have an awful.
  4. Cats chase rats
  5. Sixty-six pencils, 22 pens, and enough paper so that each student has plenty.
  6. Because Sam is never right about carpentry.
  7. Winston always runs.
  8. Bananas that have not been peeled.
  9. She is always angry.
  10. The mice in the attic.

Now Person B will read List B.  Person A will write down whether it is a sentence (S) or a fragment (F).

List B

11. A circus was in town yesterday.
12. Jessica yelled.
13. The color yellow is without a doubt.
14. Whenever Jackson was supposed to turn in a paper.
15. The third planet from the sun.
16. The desk with the broken leg.
17. Unless Roberta brings her permission slip on time tomorrow.
18. A cry flew up from behind the chicken coop.
19. Ask me tomorrow.
20. The baby gurgled.